Dr. I.L. Kandel’S Article Entitled “Education In Nazi...

Dr. I.L. Kandel’s article entitled â€Å"Education in Nazi Germany† highlights Nazi policy regarding the reeducation of the citizenry with the goal of showing that totalitarian states utilize education as a method of subordinating all individuals comprising the nation. During his analysis, Kandel makes the claim the Nazi Party’s policies regarding education were influenced by the idea of Gleichschaltung – coordination; all policies aimed to construct a uniform citizenry answer to the whim of its single governmental entity. In constructing his argument, Kandel references four major types of educational reform – both informal and formal – that allowed the Nazi Party to consolidate power and gain total control over the beliefs, attitudes, and†¦show more content†¦Doing this satisfied the Nazi goal of creating a Volksgemeinschaft – a racially unified nation whereby the citizens were subject to the will of the state. Regarding the implementation of concentration camps, Kandel writes: â€Å"The first phase of each revolution was marked by terrorism, violence, and murder, with concentration camps or penal colonies for any opposition that might survive or emerge. In a sense, this was a form of education of a negative kind.† Political opponents of the Nazi Party were persecuted and placed in concentration camps as these individuals hindered the ability of the government to create a nation that would follow the Nazi ideology. Goebbels states: â€Å"‘anyone may grumble or criticize the government who is not afraid to go to a concentration camp.’† Concentration camps were used as a form of informal education reconstructing the German citizenry’s beliefs of right action and wrong action; wrong action led to detention within concentration camps. With the help of the Gestapo, the Nazis eliminated tens of thousands of political enemies. Concentration or penal camps allo wed the Nazis to reconstruct the beliefs of the German people to fit the party’s ideals which

personal narrative Essay - 647 Words

The Gift After what seemed like an eternity of rigorous tests and dealing with the painful longing of wanting to hold a precious baby of my own in my arms, it happened; my dreams at long last came true. I was pregnant! But something happened; I felt my world come crashing down. The thought of bringing another life into this world terrified me. After marriage, my husband and I immediately wanted to start a family. A year or so went by and still nothing, no baby. I decided to check myself out to see if anything was wrong. I went through all the normal tests to see if there were any problems. The doctors couldn’t find any concrete explanation why I wasn’t able to†¦show more content†¦As quickly as the pure joy filled my body, pure fear took over me. I was petrified. All these questions filled my head. Will I be a good mom? Can I put another persons needs before mine? Am I capable of giving a baby all the love and affection it requires? And what about my body, getting fat and stretch marks. How is my husband going to handle his newly shaped wife? My life had changed before my very eyes. No more shopping sprees, no more going out on dates with my husband. I was terrified. Life as I knew it would change. After everything I went through to be where I am right now, why was I feeling this way? After Almost nine months of an emotional roller coaster ride, it was time. There was no turning back now. My impatient baby decided she wanted to make her entry into this world three weeks before she was supposed to. Once again I am consumed with fear, fear of the unknown. As the doctor placed my beautiful baby girl in my arms my life had a whole new meaning. It was a feeling I could never express in words. I was a mommy. My fears were gone. In an instance I felt my selfishness lift from my body and fill with a love that I had never felt before. I felt as if I was a mama bear protecting her cub. I knew I would have no problem loving this baby more then I love myself, it came natural. The price I had paid through the trials of getting pregnant, the fears of being a goodShow MoreRelatedStructure of Personal Narrative797 Words   |  4 PagesCLRC Writing Center Structure of a Personal Narrative Essay â€Å"Narrative† is a term more commonly known as â€Å"story.† Narratives written for college or personal narratives, tell a story, usually to some point, to illustrate some truth or insight. Following are some tools to help you structure your personal narrative, breaking it down into parts. The â€Å"Hook† Start your paper with a statement about your story that catches the reader’s attention, for example: a relevant quotation, question, factRead MorePersonal Narrative: Wellness Essay1529 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal Narrative: Wellness When I am not feeling well I find relief and comfort talking to my girlfriend. 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Labor Theory Supply and Public Policy †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Labor Theory Supply and Public Policy. Answer: Introduction The essay elucidates on the relationship between the pay and performance of the employees in the organization. The employees rewards are reliant on the project completion and their job performance. The study also highlights on the objectives, goals and the functions of the Australias Fair Work Commission (FWC). The FWC is an independent institution that carries out the functions in relation to employment (Schmitt, 2013). The efficiency wage theory and the concepts relating to general labor supply and backward bending supply curve is also explained in this essay. The implementation of efficiency wage theory in the firms and the issues encountered in it is also highlighted in this study. The recommendations on the efficiency wage theory are also given in this study. The FWC mainly operates in social, industrial and economic environment, which is subject to recurrent changes. The main objectives of Australias FWC are to provide fairness in workplace and manage difficult circumstances in the business organizations. The goals of FWC are to recognize the diverse needs as well as expectations of the community and high compliance levels with legislative obligations. Their strategic goals include- efficiency, innovations, rising accountability and enhancing productivity. This independent body carry out certain functions that includes- Promote cooperative and prolific relations in workplace Resolve dismissal claims Set national least wage Approving the agreements of business enterprise Deal with common protection claims Assist with the resolution of organizational disputes Assist the bargaining procedure for agreements in business enterprise The free service that FWC provides includes- Educating Australians about fair practices in work Building strong relationships with the stakeholders and industry Enforce laws in workplace and deter employees in doing wrong thing in community Evaluating breaches of laws in workplace Efficiency wage theory, General labor supply and pay performance structure The concept of efficiency wage theory explains that a company might benefit from becoming highly productive if they pay their employees the wages that is higher than the equilibrium level. According to efficiency wage theories, the company benefits in four ways from less workers turnover, higher workers effort, skilled employees and rise in employees health. These are explained as: Increase in workers effort level- This theory reflects that the employees whose wage is above equilibrium wage will put more effort than those employees who are paid less than the equilibrium wage. Moreover, the workers slack off as higher wage leads to increase in opportunity cost of job loss (Lavoie and Stockhammer, 2013) Hence, it can be stated that there is a direct relationship between employees wages and their effort. The relationship between efforts per employees is given as- Ei= e[Wi/ We], where Ei= workers effort, Wi= Wage given by the company and We= Expected existing wage outside firm. Decline in employees turnover- This theory explains that the wage above equilibrium wage decreases costly workers turnover. This explains that if the employees benefits outweigh cost , then they will choose to stay. Analogously, if business cost outweigh their benefits, then they will choose to quit. However, if the workers turnover decreases, then some resources might freed up and hence can be utilized in efficient processes. Rise in workers quality- It suggests that efficiency wages will attract highly skilled employees in the business. The entity will offer efficiency wage to high quality workers in order to retain them in business (Shields et al., 2015). Thus, low quality workers will work for the equilibrium wage as high quality workers demand higher wages from the company. Improve in employees health- This explains that the employees who are paid higher wages will improve their health and productivity. The reason behind this is that higher wage improves the standard of living of the workers. However, this raises the employees quality of living, which results in better health. This improve in workers health increases productive than those workers who are paid less wages. There are various sub models of efficiency wage theories including -shirking model, fair wage-effort model, adverse selection model and turnover model. These models of efficiency wage assert that the workers productivity in the organization is directly related with the wages that the workers receive. This sub- models is illustrated below: Shirking model- This model highlights that higher wage paid to the worker increases the risk of losing their job. However, the risk of shirking of employees reduces. Fair wage-effort model- According to this model, if fair wage is not given to the employees, then the workers do not give higher effort in their work. Adverse selection model- In this case, if the wage to be paid to the workers is above the equilibrium wage in the labor market, then it helps the entity in choosing better workers from large pool. Turnover model- This model reflects that if the wages paid to the workers is higher than what they receive in other firms, then it will decrease the turnover in the entity. Thus, it also reduces the coat of firms in hiring as well as training their workers. The SG Company is one of the main driving factors of the Singapore economy. The efficiency wage theory of this company has improved the firms performance. This means that as the SG Company increased the pay of their employees, the total productivity in the business improved. Although there has no changes in the responsibilities of their employees, implementation of new technologies required the skills of their employees. However, the company strategized to hire skilled employees by offering them higher pay. This strategy of utilization of skill-based pay as well as knowledge- based pay improved their job performance. This organization has also adopted flexible work pattern for improving productivity and save the cost of overtime. Even they introduced a plan of paying their employees one and half times higher than basic pay rate of employees who are working for overtime. The managers of this organization chose to pay efficiency wage in order to avoid decrease in turnover, shirking and attract skilled workers.This implementation of efficiency wage improved skills and productivity. This in turn improved the firms performance and helped this company in expanding their business in global market. General labor supply Labor supply refers to the total work hours that the employees wishes to work at a particular wage rate. Higher wages encourages the employees in supplying more labor as works becomes more attractive in comparison to leisure (Burdett Mortensen, 2012). Thus, the labor supply curve becomes upward sloping. The factors that influences the workers labor supply includes- Substitution effect of increase in wages- Increase in wages will provide higher value to employees work than leisure. If the work becomes more profitable, then it raises the opportunity cost of leisure. Hence, the substitution effect leads to rise in work hours owing to rise in wages. Income effect of high wages- In this case, the rise in wages causes the employees to work for less hours. The reason behind this is that the employees might get higher pay by working for few hours (Trevor, Reilly Gerhart, 2012). Thus, this might lead to less work by the employees in business. However, after rise in wages, the employees might work less as they achieve their income by spending lesser hours in working. Therefore, if substitution effect becomes greater than income effect of rise in wages, then the labor supply curve slopes upward. On the other hand, if the income effect becomes stronger than substitution effect beyond a particular wage rate, then the labor supply curve turns in backward direction. The labor supply curve shifts in response to variation in changes to range of factors that includes- Change in workers preferences- Change in workers attitude towards leisure and work shifts the labor supply curve. If the employees decide to value more leisure, then they might work for lesser hours for the wage and this will shift the labor supply curve to left. Variation in income- The rise in income will reduce the labor supply. The variation in income results from variation in wages that is shown by movement along supply curve Change in product price- Several products are usually labor complements. This means that if the price of product changes, the workers might choose in consuming more time in leisure and hence supply less labor. Changes in total population- Increase in total population increase the labor supply while decrease in population lowers it. The organizations of labor opposes to rise in immigration as increase in total number of employees shifts the labor supply curve in rightward direction. Variation in expectations- Variation in expectations will impact on the labor supply is expectancy in life. The backward bending supply curve of labor refers to the condition in which as the wages rises beyond the particular level, then the employees substitute leisure with respect to their total time in work. However, increase in wage leads to decline in supply of labor and hence less time for labor has being offered for sale (Canto, Joines Laffer, 2014). This contrast indicates that higher wage tempt the employees to spend more hours in work for wage. Therefore, backward bending supply curve of labor occurs when higher pay basically entice employees in working less and consume high time for leisure. Pay performance structure Pay for performance framework implies pay that is directly related to the performance of an employee in meeting the objectives of the business. The managers of the specific business frames performance goal to which the workers are held accountable (Gerhart, B., Fang, M, 2014). The performance of the workers are mainly analyzed with the help of metrics that can be either financial indicators or indirect indicators namely consumer satisfaction, development speed etc. In addition, schemes for pay performance combines fixed salary with different pay component, which varies with the performance of an individual. It has been stated by Fang, M., Gerhart (2012), better performance of an employee will receive higher pay band while poor performance of an individual will get low pay band. This pay for performance structure is also termed as incentive pay. In real world, this efficiency wage theory is sometimes not effective in maximizing profit of the business organizations. The models of efficiency wage attempts in predicting the behavior of the organizations and trade-off in the process of decision making. One thing that is common in all efficiency wage framework is that if the wages paid to the workers are above the market clearing level, then the production costs of the companys increases that in turn generates involuntary unemployment. In Singapore, the electronics-manufacturing sector is the main driving force of this economy as it contributes to higher percentage of this countrys GDP growth rate. It has been noted from the recent study that pay performance framework differs among the electronics firms (Fabris, 2013). The utilization of skilled-based pay as well as knowledge based pay has been widespread among this industry. This practice has been common among all the staffs that includes- skilled employees, mangers, supervisors etc. The difference in percentage of minimum and maximum pay for managerial staff ranged from 25% to 379%. In addition, few companies of this industry did not adjust the pay of their workers for acquiring management development or training program. However, they did provide efficiency wage to the employees of high quality. The pay range also varied in higher percentage among the senior managers and other executives. The various issues that this industry of this nation faces owing to implem entation of this theory includes- Inadequate criteria in measuring employees performance Inappropriate systems for performance appraisal Lack of regular performance feedback In some companies, the pay system has not been designed in meeting the objectives of the business Combination of intrinsic as well as extrinsic rewards has been absent in few firms. Absence of scheme assessment in regular way Lack of proper pay quantum Recommendations The recommendations for the implementation of the efficiency wage theory in the business organizations includes- The companies must design their performance pay structure in such a way that it satisfies the needs of the workers while achieving their business targets (Weiss, 2014). The performance pay framework must be designed in proper way for promoting the quality of performance that an organization requires. Before designing the framework, they must Analyze the business objectives and targets The business policies as well as practices must be mentioned in their offer letter The company should provide good business environment to the employees Proper training and development program should be provided to each employees Appropriate metric should be implemented by the company in order to assess the performance of workers in accurate way The intrinsic system of reward must be strengthened through consultation, good communication, job satisfaction, participatory systems etc. The employees must be consulted in order to ascertain that the desired business objectives can be met Conclusion The efficiency wage concept has become popular over the last few decades in the organizations of both the developed and developing countries. These concept also indicates dispersion in wage and involuntary unemployment that occurs within the firms. In these efficiency wage structure, the companies generally chooses to pay higher wages to skilled and knowledgeable employees in order to decrease employees turnover, eliminate shirking and increase productivity. Moreover, as the firm increases the wage of high quality employees, the low graded employees were given less pay. As a result, some employees quit the job and hence this leads to involuntary unemployment in the economy. This in other way adversely affects the GDP (Gross domestic product) growth of the respective economy. References Burdett, K., Mortensen, D. T. (2012). Labor supply under uncertainty. In35th Anniversary Retrospective(pp. 5-53). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Canto, V. A., Joines, D. H., Laffer, A. B. (2014).Foundations of supply-side economics: Theory and evidence. Academic Press. De Franco, G., Hope, O. K., Larocque, S. (2013). The effect of disclosure on the pay-performance relation.Journal of Accounting and Public Policy,32(5), 319-341. Dunlop, J., Segrave, M. (2016).The theory of wage determination. Springer. Ehrenberg, R. G., Smith, R. S. (2016).Modern labor economics: Theory and public policy. Routledge. Keeley, M. C. (2013).Labor supply and public policy: A critical review. Elsevier. Fang, M., Gerhart, B. (2012). Does pay for performance diminish intrinsic interest?.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,23(6), 1176-1196. Fabris, N. (2013). Efficiency-wage model.Sociologija,55(3), 461-474. Frey, B. S., Homberg, F., Osterloh, M. (2013). Organizational control systems and pay-for-performance in the public service.Organization Studies,34(7), 949-972. McDermott, A. M., Conway, E., Rousseau, D. M., Flood, P. C. (2013). Promoting effective psychological contracts through leadership: The missing link between HR strategy and performance.Human Resource Management,52(2), 289-310. Gerhart, B., Fang, M. (2014). Pay for (individual) performance: Issues, claims, evidence and the role of sorting effects.Human Resource Management Review,24(1), 41-52. Lavoie, M., Stockhammer, E. (2013). Wage-led growth: Concept, theories and policies. InWage-led Growth(pp. 13-39). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Kruppe, T., Rogowski, R., Schmann, K. (2013).Labour market efficiency in the European Union: Employment protection and fixed term contracts. Routledge Schmitt, J. (2013). Why does the minimum wage have no discernible effect on employment?.Center for Economic and Policy Research,22, 1-28. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., ... Plimmer, G. (2015).Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press.Weiss, A. (2014).Efficiency wages: Models of unemployment, layoffs, and wage dispersion. Princeton University Press. Trevor, C. O., Reilly, G., Gerhart, B. (2012). Reconsidering pay dispersion's effect on the performance of interdependent work: Reconciling sorting and pay inequality.Academy of Management Journal,55(3), 585-610.

Name Essays (2385 words) - Gender, Human Sexuality,

Name Course Tutor Date Choices Introduction Television shows according to many people is seen as a representation of characters that vary in a spectrum popularly known as stereotypes. Without stereotypes one could claim that the structure of the narrative for example a fictional universe in a television show would be complicated, unnecessarily seeking to explain to its viewers the diversity of the characters involved when it comes to their sexuality, ethnicity or their gender. Many Hollywood fanatics argue that stereotypes help in broadly telling a story with little details for the narrative to avoid losing its interest. A stereotype gets the viewers to understand each character without involving many details. However, stereotypes can be a source of prejudice. It ignores the complexity of human beings when it comes to their unique and varying behavior and character. As a result, this can lead to prejudice (Chung P.g 98-107). McRae, Stangor, and Hewstone quoted Walter Lippman by stating that stereotypes are primarily considered as mental pictures of any individual who looks into the social world (pp. 96). Lippman phrased the word stereotype and placed emphasis on how humans have presumptions based on different people where they put them in various categories like the homosexuals or the group of African -Americans. In other explanation of stereotypes, Richard Dyer (P.g 87) states that any stereotype has the sole effect of making something that was invisible to be visible and that they were a category that primarily sought to have the explanation of the existence of different types of people. Another definition is that stereotype was developed to use in the description of repeated figures that are endless when representing social groups (Haggerty P.g 842) The purpose of this paper is to research how gays and lesbians are portrayed in the television industry and how heteronormativity dominates the industry. To understand the gays and lesbians representation, it is imperative that we look into representation history in the television industry most importantly in terms of the gender this is important because most gays and lesbians are brought up in straight family and end up lacking role models and in the end, they are stereotyped (Fisher, Hill, Grube, and Gruber N.p). Most research based on the portrayal of the different sexes in the television asserts that it is because of 1970's feminism second-wave that focused on the femininity representation that had female image characters in the different program. One would pose the question of how femininity has relevance to the gays and lesbians representation in the television shows. To understand this, feminine characters cannot be assessed without the binary opposition like the masculin e. For that matter, male representation is necessary when it comes to understanding the gay and lesbian representation in the television industry. Both binaries of the gender have been claimed to be constructed socially according to most television studies on gender. The masculinity representation was built in terms of the traditional use. The reason for subject selection The stereotype is an important topic that needs to be raised because it is openly present in the society through institutions, our daily language, and the media. The prejudice that is present in minority groups like the gays and lesbians is firmly reinforced when stereotypes are present. Some of the primary questions, which have to be answered, are the origin of stereotypes and its effects to people. To establish a clear finding, a review of different movies had to be done. One of the reviewed movies is the Queer as Folk drama of 1999-2000. After watching the film, it was necessary to analyze how the gay characters were portrayed. The gay characters were portrayed as effeminate men who had a high-pitch voice, silly behavior, and limp wrists (Mohr p.g 18). To establish the research, a television show, which was perceived as neutral in portraying gays and lesbians, had to be used. The television hit series Six Feet Under of 2001-2005 was chosen as a television show to use for the comparison. The show was selected because it was realistic because it portrayed the gay and lesbian characters in a realistic manner by focusing less on being gay but rather focusing on the day-to-day issues. The Queer as Folk perspective is important and innovative in its